1. Walnuts
Walnuts, also known as walnuts and Qiang peaches, are a widely cultivated species both domestically and internationally. Generally, trees are 10-20 meters tall, with a trunk diameter of about 1 meter and a lifespan of up to one or two hundred years. The crown of the tree opens after striking, forming a semi circular or round head shape, with a diameter of 6-9 meters. The fruit is a surgical fruit, circular or oblong, with a diameter of 4-5 centimeters. The outer skin is thin, with a smooth or hairy surface and yellow white spots.
2. Iron walnut
Iron walnut, also known as Yangbi walnut, is commonly known as bubble walnut, tea walnut, and other cultivated types. The main difference between iron walnuts and walnuts is that they have 9-13 small leaves, gradually decreasing from bottom to top. The small leaves are elliptical and lanceolate, and the top small leaves often degenerate into linear bodies 1 to 1.5 centimeters long. Therefore, they line up like even pinnate compound leaves, with entire or slightly serrated leaf margins. The fruit is flat and round, with obvious wrinkles on the shell. The shell can be thin or thick, with cultivated types of fruit shells prone to cracking, while wild types are more difficult to crack.
3. Juglans mandshurica
Juglans mandshurica, also known as hickory, walnut, walnut, etc. Deciduous trees, with a height of over 20 meters. The crown of the tree is broadly ovoid, and the bark is gray or dark. It is smooth when young and has light longitudinal cracks when old. The bud is triangular and covered with yellowish brown pubescence. Odd pinnate compound leaves, 60 to 90 centimeters long, with 7 to 17 leaflets, very short or sessile stalks, oblong or long ovoid, with finely serrated leaf edges and dense pubescence on the back.
4. Wild Walnut
Deciduous or small trees, sometimes in the form of shrubs, with a height of 5-20 meters or more. Odd pinnate compound leaves can reach about 1 meter in length, with 9-17 leaflets; Not ovate or long ovoid in shape, 8-15 centimeters long, with 6-10 small flowers in the female inflorescence, arranged in a string. The fruit is ovoid, with a sharp apex. The fruit is small, with a hard shell and 6-8 sharp edges. The inner wall is bony, making it difficult to extract kernels.
5. Hemp walnut
Mahua walnut, also known as Wenyu walnut, is mainly distributed in Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning, and other places. It is a natural hybrid of walnut and Juglans mandshurica. Deciduous tree, 10-20 meters tall, with silver gray bark. Odd pinnate compound leaves are 45-80 centimeters long, with 7-15 leaflets, entire or lightly serrated, and short hairs on the back of the leaves.
6. Black Walnut
Black walnut includes 16 tree species, distributed in North America and Latin America. The economically valuable tree species among them is the Eastern Black Walnut, widely distributed in the eastern half of the United States and southern Canada. Nuts are large among 16 tree species and have excellent wood quality, making them excellent furniture and plywood materials.
7. Keppel Walnuts
Keppel walnuts, also known as ghost walnuts or Japanese walnuts. Produced in Japan and introduced to China in the 1930s, it grows in Liaoning, Jilin, Shandong, Shanxi, and other places. The tree is 20-25 meters tall. 9-19 leaflets, ovoid. Male inflorescence 15-20 cm, female inflorescence terminal, with 5-20 small flowers arranged in a cluster. The ovary and stigma are purple red in color. The fruit is oblong, with a pointed apex and dense glandular hairs. The fruit shell has 8 distinct ridges and notches. The fruit shell is sturdy and thick, with a bony inner wall, making it difficult to kernel.
8. Heart shaped walnut
Heart shaped walnut, also known as Ji walnut, originated in Japan and was introduced to China in the 1940s. It has been cultivated in small quantities in Liaoning, Jilin, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, and other places. Its main morphological characteristics are similar to those of Keppel walnuts, with the main difference being the fruit. The fruit is flat heart-shaped and good, with a smooth shell surface and a pointed apex. The shell is firm and thick, without inner walls. It is easy to crack at the suture line and can be used as a whole kernel.
Common Types of Walnuts for Cultural and Amusement Activities
1. Lion's head
The basic characteristics of the lion's head shape are deep veins, thick edges, wide edges, and a large and flat bottom. Among the cultural and playful walnuts, the beautiful one belongs to the stuffy pointed lion head, while the good looking stuffy pointed ones should be short piled. At present, there are very few live wild stuffed lion heads. Ordinary lion head varieties can produce several pairs of short stumped walnuts every year, and those that are relatively round and not more than or close to the size of the edge are short stumped lion heads.
2. Tiger Head
The tiger head is easily confused with the lion head. Compared to the lion head, the tiger head has a slightly smaller base (commonly known as a small buttocks), a smaller running head, and shoulders. The tiger head pattern is beautiful, not very big, but the leather is good, thick and powerful. Upon careful observation, it seems that it has been guided through the corners, without showing any thinness.
3. Gongzi Hat
The wild Gongzi hat is a charming variety with a pointed shape, a large belly, deep veins, fast coloring, and a prominent walnut shape, much like the hat on the head of an ancient Gongzi, with symmetrical arcs on both sides of the tip and a semicircle at the bottom.
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